This study investigates the Granger-causality relationship between real per capita GDP and transportation of EU-15 countries using a panel data set covering the period 1970-2008. Our findings indicate that the dominant type of Granger-causality is bidirectional. Accordingly, we conclude that...

This paper investigates the Granger-causality relationship between income and transportation of EU-15 countries using a panel data set covering the period 1970–2008. In the study, inland freight transportation per capita in ton-km (TRP), inland passenger transportation per capita in...

This study provides evidence on the role of financial development in accounting for economic growth in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Using panel data from 1991 to 2011, we conduct panel regression to examine whether the relationship between banks, stock markets, and economic growth...