Considers the problem of determining economic statistical np ‐control chart designs under the fuzzy environment of closely satisfying type I and II errors. Goes on to model the problem as fuzzy mathematical programming, and uses a heuristic method to obtaining the solution.

Natural disasters occur in a political space. Although events beyond our control may trigger a disaster, the level of government preparedness and response greatly determines the extent of suffering incurred by the affected population. We use a political economy model of disaster prevention,...