Measuring continuous change or growth in individual students' academic abilities over time currently uses several statistical models or transformations to move from data representing a student's correct or incorrect responses on individual test items to inferences about the form and quantity of...

The study describes the various alternatives to the between-subjects ANOVA F test that have been performing reasonably well in the literature under different experimental conditions of sample sizes, variance ratios or nonnormality. Drawing from structural equation modeling (SEM), the robust...