This paper provides new evidence on the consequences of foetal exposure to high levels of pollution for the risk of stillbirth, and for the long-term health and labour market outcomes of those that survive. Variation in in utero exposure comes from a persistent weather system that affected...

Education plays an important role in the economic and social development of countries. Myriad studies show that education is one of the best ways to offer increased socioeconomic opportunities, social mobility and wages. Not only is universal education important but more significant is the...

This paper examines the relationship between the education level of Spanish emigrants and their country of destination. Since Spanish emigrants were born under the same laws, economic conditions, and institutions, the differences in their destination countries can be due to dissimilarities in...

However much we appreciate the enormous scientific contribution by Professor Ronald Inglehart, who initiated the international data collection of the World Values Survey, our re-analysis of the very World Values Survey data [“roll-outs” of the World Values Survey data...

However much we appreciate the enormous scientific contribution by Professor Ronald Inglehart, who initiated the international data collection of the World Values Survey, our re-analysis of the very World Values Survey data [“roll-outs” of the World Values Survey data...

This paper estimates the impact of the extension of compulsory schooling in Turkey from 5 to 8 years—which increased the 8th grade completion rate for women by 30 percentage points—on marriage and birth outcomes of teenage women in Turkey. We find that increased compulsory schooling years...

Does culture, and in particular religion, exert an independent causal effect on long-term economic growth, or do culture and religion merely reflect the latter? We explore this issue by studying the case of Protestantism in China during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries....

Education is a powerful catalyst for the change of a society and plays a crucial role in the development of a nation. In recent years, education has been included as a key component of Human Development Index. As a result, social and regional disparities in educational achievement drag back...

Agriculture is considered as the backbone of Pakistan’s economy and a reasonable proportion of population is engaged in it. The present study aims at finding the role of education in productivity of wheat, sugarcane and tobacco crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) during the period 1975-2008. The...

The study was conducted in the mountainous areas of district Swat in the year 2010 to assess the causes of drop outs in primary schools of mountainous areas. Primary data was obtained through three different structured questionnaires using a sample of size sixty allocating to fifty government...