which the central government mandated urban public schools to exempt migrant children from tuition and temporary schooling … the types of primary sampling units. Specifically, we only use non-migrant rural hukou children living in counties in the … nationally representative sample as the control group (the never-takers), while, in the treatment group, we only include migrant …

poverty status of each child' s household in the three years preceding the educational decision to be analysed. Not … choice of secondary school (Hauptschule, Realschule, Gymnasium) varies with the timing and duration of poverty experienced in … childhood. To investigate what role the timing of poverty plays, I examine the correlation between educational choices and the …