understandinghow these shocks can affect the educational attainment, adult health, and adult income of the children who lived through … to either a polio outbreak, or to introduction of the vaccine against the disease, had long-term impacts on adult income … association between parental loss during childhood and lower adult income, educational attainment, and worse health. This analysis …

-term outcomes, including lifetime income, health, cognitive skills, and education. Our results show that the school lunch program …