teacher and student absences, school closures, and disturbances to usual classroom routines. Similarly, they might also … to the attacks. The main results indicate that the attacks significantly reduced school-level proficiency rates in … grade math proficiency, suggesting that the shootings caused a decline in school proficiency rates of about five to nine …

mental health is scant. We study how an important classroom feature - the gender composition in compulsory-school - affects …

that arrests of children and reported crimes involving children follow a different pattern: peaking during the school year … school year to show that this pattern is caused by school: children aged 10-17 are roughly 50% more likely to be involved in … a reported crime during the beginning of the school year relative to the weeks before school begins. This sharp increase …