Intelligence quotient (IQ), grades, and scores on achievement tests are widely used as measures of cognition, yet the correlations among them are far from perfect. This paper uses a variety of data sets to show that personality and IQ predict grades and scores on achievement tests. Personality...

This article seeks to measure the effect of bullying in math scores of students in the 6th grade of public (Nansel et al., 2001). school in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil with the use of data from a survey by Joaquim Nabuco Foundation in 2013. The methodology applied is Propensity Score...

We use responses to a self-report survey and matched trading data to investigate the effects of personality (Big Five traits), IQ and financial literacy on individuals’ stock trading portfolios. Traits have small but significant effects: openness and extraversion are associated with...

We analyze trends in labor-market returns to psychological traits using data from half a million Finnish men from 2001 to 2015. Cognitive skills' value declined, while noncognitive skills' value increased. Our novel findings show that extraversion drives this rise, while conscientiousness...