This essay argues that the most crucial institution of any school system is its view of knowledge—from which virtually all other aspects of a school are derived: the content of its curricula, its pedagogical practices, and the incentives that motivate its members. To make this case, we outline...

The U.S. student privacy legal landscape over the past 45 years tells a story of unintended consequences that have required legislative clarifications and changes. This story makes a case for nuance and careful deliberation in drafting laws and creating a long-term culture of privacy that...

This study developed an Education Efficiency Index for 31 countries, both developed and developing, which can be used by everybody involved and interested in education such as teachers, lecturers and policy makers. The index is used to demonstrate that countries which invest deeply in education...

Literacy has been conceptualized traditionally as having a major role in developing a nation. Literacy helps to spread awareness among the people of their rights. People with good literacy skills enjoy a higher standard of living, have better opportunities of finding jobs, and are able to...

I evaluate a financial aid policy which automatically granted 1,800 euros annually to low-income students scoring in the top 5% of high school students and enrolling in higher education. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that it had no significant impact on various higher education...

Overall, the education system fares well by international comparison. Slovenia has one of the highest shares of the population aged 25 to 64 to have completed at least upper secondary education, and ranks high in international educational achievement tests. Nevertheless, in some areas, reforms...

This paper compares for and non-profit operation of charter schools in Florida, where the for-profit share has grown by 80% since 2004-5 to nearly half of all charter schools. The unique dataset assembled combines the annual independent financial audits and accountability reports filed by all...

This study examines the impact of school spending on student outcomes. State-imposed revenue limits cap the total amount of revenue that a school district in Wisconsin can raise, unless the district holds a local referendum asking voters to exceed the cap. Importantly, Wisconsin law requires...

We measure the effect of district use of federal pandemic relief during the 2022-23 school year for a sample of more than 5000 districts in 29 states. We rely on several plausibly exogenous sources of variation in federal grants: differences in state Title I funding formulas, estimation error in...

People with disability face considerable difficulty participating fully in work and the wider community, due in part to poor schooling outcomes. To enable students with disability to meet their potential, the governments provide extra funding to schools to help them meet their special learning...