determining farmers' efficiency in Ethiopia are having access to the public extension system, participation in off-farm activities …. Annual technical change between 1999 and 2004 is about one percent while annual efficiency change during the same period is …

nonparametric efficiency models. In application, earlier studies have estimated shadow prices at plant, sector and even economy … efficiency models. We first introduce the methodological framework for deriving shadow prices as well as the nonparametric …/parametric efficiency models for calculating their values. A systematic summary of over forty earlier studies in this field is then …