studies attempted to answer this question using ad hoc measures of port efficiency that do not control for the actual use of … port assets or measures that can be very noisy. To avoid these problems, this paper builds a measure of economic efficiency … Western Pacific Oceans in terms of their port efficiency, and assesses the effect of increased efficiency. It finds that …

determinant of shipping costs. Improving port efficiency from the 25th to the 75th percentile reduces shipping costs by 12 percent … explain variations in port efficiency and find that they are linked to excessive regulation, the prevalence of organized crime … world. Distance volumes and product characteristics matter. In addition, we find that ports efficiency is an important …

determinant of shipping costs. Improving port efficiency from the 25th to the 75th percentile reduces shipping costs by 12 percent … explain variations in port efficiency and find that they are linked to excessive regulation, the prevalence of organized crime … world. Distance volumes and product characteristics matter. In addition, we find that ports efficiency is an important …