This dissertation comprises four pieces of economic research which analyze the efficiency of decision making units with regard to the production of undesirable outputs. These studies are motivated by the challenges arising from the phenomenon of climate change. An analysis of automobiles in the...

On June 25, 2013, President Obama announced his plan to introduce carbon dioxide emission standards for electricity generation. This paper proposes an efficiency analysis approach that addresses which mission rates (and standards) would be feasible if the existing generating units adopt best...