This article challenges claims that liberalising state regulated markets in developing countries may induce lasting economic development. The analysis of the rise of tourism in Egypt during the last three decades suggests that the effects of liberalisation and structural adjustment are...

This paper argues that trade and capital account reforms within autocracies underlie the primacy of foreign currency procurement. A longitudinal comparison of four countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan) in the Middle East and North Africa region shows a historical sequencing of reforms....

Innovation is widely recognized as a key driver of sustainable economic development. Governments, international organizations, donors and investors are increasingly interested in evaluating the technological capabilities and innovative capacities in developing countries, but often lack...

This article examines the hydrogen partnerships between Germany, the EU and Egypt in the context of the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). Germany, the largest future hydrogen importer in the EU, and Egypt, a country with an ambitious hydrogen strategy, are developing a partnership...

Beside its membership (1995) in the World Trade Organization (WTO), Egypt joined Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) such as the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA) in 1997, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) in 1998, the European-Mediterranean Partnership Agreement...

The report covers the period 1st April 2016 – 31st March 2017. It focuses on accounting for the activities during this first year of Programme implementation. Overall, it can be summarised that good progress has been made towards the establishment of the Better Migration Management (BMM)...

The evaluation has three objectives: To assess EU support to environment and climate change in third countries through the Thematic Programme for Environment and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources including Energy (ENRTP)1, and through the geographic instruments. To evaluate EU support...