This paper discusses a small business based investigation of principal-agent and principal-principal dimensions of agency cost. Panel data for 11 years to 2008, covering a sample of small businesses not listed on a stock exchange, are examined using multivariate statistical techniques. The...

The study uses panel data to investigate agency costs, both principal-agent (PA) and principal-principal (PP), in 240 small businesses not listed on the New Zealand Stock Exchange. Results show that both forms of agency cost vary according to industry, the life of the business and size. The...

This study investigates how firm-level political connections (PCs) play a role in their access to bank credit. We decompose the bank loan application process into the self-selection process of firms and the selection process of banks. Using 17,249 firms from 2018‒2020 World Bank Enterprise...