Most methods for the analysis of distributional change rely on the changes in the income of a particular group of … standard against a richer group, thereby capturing a notion of change in relative income, which embodies the influence of … others' wellbeing on the judgment of the group's own situation. The indices, and related relative income change (RIC) curves …

poverty. It shows the prevalence of non-positive incomes in high- and middle-income countries, provides an analysis of the … standard poverty indexes. It is argued that negative and zero incomes cannot be treated equally in terms of household well …-being and that standard methods used by practitioners fail to recognize this fact likely resulting in overestimations of poverty. …

, this paper summarizes research findings on the relationship between urbanization, urban-rural inequality, and poverty, and … provides further empirical evidence on the role of urbanization and government policies in urban poverty. Several conclusions … can be drawn from. First, urbanization has a significant effect on reducing both poverty of rural residents and poverty of …