extreme for a wide range of costs of formal enforcement. We also show that religion can enhance the complementarity between … community and formal enforcement, while corruption undermines it. We discuss how community can play an important role in a …

This first cross-country analysis of the causes of corruption in religious organizations provides evidence in support …. Their appointment and promotion should, however, be regulated by the state. Both factors are shown to confine corruption. In … contrast, David Hume’s approach of supporting state religion and limiting entry into the religious market is not a promising …

speed. In the 20th century, religion played a much lesser role in daily life and income and productivity grew at high and …

We reconsider the question of what determines corruption at the cross-national level, using new data and methods … corruption, as are freedom of the press, political rights, the presence of established democratic institutions, the salience of … the relational factors that we consider affect corruption, beyond the effects that they often have on bilateral trade …

I consider the “supply-side” of corruption in the context of international bribery, which I define as firms bribing … public officials abroad. I present the “Bribe Payers Corruption Index” (BPCI), a non perception-based measure of cross …-border corruption, which is coherent with a simple analytical framework based on an important distinction: that between the propensities …

important public service, there is widespread concern that their activities are negatively affected by corruption. However …, there is limited cross-country analysis on the costs of corruption for SOEs. We present new evidence on how corruption … perform as well as private firms in core sectors when corruption is low. Taking advantage of a novel database reforms, we also …