Lücke zwischen durchschnittlichen Einkommen der Männer im Vergleich zu den Frauen wird regelmäßig als Gender … Frauen und Männern herangezogen. Die ungleichen Einkommen resultieren hierbei nicht allein auf einer unterschiedlichen … lower earnings. Differences are then finally expressed by different income levels. This gap between mean incomes of men in …

While there is now something of a consensus in the literature on the economics of happiness that income comparisons to … others help determine subjective wellbeing, debate continues over the relative importance of own and reference-group income … regarding happiness analysis, and in particular with respect to the measurement of reference-group income. We here use data from …

We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades …. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us - for the first time - to offer a complete picture of the … German labor market and increasing labor supply. In the second part of the paper, we study the distribution of total income …

Current Population Survey, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the Consumer Expenditure Survey, and the Survey of Consumer … earnings, to disposable income, and, ultimately, to consumption and wealth. We document a continuous and sizable increase in … before 1982, but mitigate its increase thereafter. Taxes and transfers compress the level of income inequality, especially at …

This study provides new evidence on top income shares in Germany from the period of industrialization to the present …. Income concentration was high in the nineteenth century, dropped sharply after World War I and during the hyperinflation … II, German top income shares returned to 1920s levels. The German pattern stands in sharp contrast to developments in …

Based on tax records data from Ecuador, we analyse gender differences in top income groups from 2008 to 2017. Ecuador … labour market. While we observe a significant increase in the share of women at the top of the income distribution during … this period, women remain underrepresented in top income groups, at 38.7 per cent in the top 10 per cent income group and …