Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that the environmental income drives economic growth of a large open country.Design/methodology/approach – The authors detect that the relative environmental income has double effect of “conspicuous consumption” on the international...

Preserving environmental quality and addressing economic inequality both feature prominently in public discourse. Neither of these two issues can be fully understood in isolation, and policies aiming at one issue will increasingly have to consider interactions with the other. We synthesize...

The objective of this paper is to provide an axiomatic foundation to the concept of ecological footprint indices. For this purpose, we propose five axioms representing general properties which any ecological footprint measure should fulfill. It can be shown that there exists a unique index which...