The integration of active labour market policies within income support schemes - such as unemployment insurance and …

, education and childcare expenditure on estimates of income inequality and poverty for 24 European countries. The empirical … results show significant effects of public in-kind transfers on the level of income inequality and poverty for all countries …. Over the period 2006–2018, inequality and poverty estimates display rather different trends across European countries. …

The at-risk-of-poverty rate, the relative income poverty indicator applied in the EU, can be highly sensitive to the … weight, which is very close to the OECD-modified weight. Applying the estimated scales affects the income poverty rate and … used, the official income poverty rate deviates from those two. …