. The present value of human capital is determined by all future income flows, which at the same time constitute the … individual as well as the total tax base of a nation. Therefore, the income of the productive population determines the total tax … well as the future gross income flows. The costs of public goods and the transfer expenditures have to be financed from the …

The goal of this study is to examine trends in the importance of family background in determining adult income in … Sweden. We investigate whether the association between family background and income in Sweden has changed for cohorts born … 1932-1968. Our main finding is that the share of the variance in long-run income that is attributable to family background …

bonus is defined as the discounted value of the difference between a person's actual income and his or her counterfactual … real income stream forecast for a hypothetical continuation of economic life in a static GDR. The two main issues tackled … centralized to a market economy and the estimation of plausible counterfactual income streams. Our central result is that 19 …