We examine the nature of labour market inequality in Indonesia and India, using a common conceptual approach drawing from the job ladder framework. In the framework, we differentiate between self-employment and wage-informal and between formal, upper tier informal, and lower tier informal jobs....

This study tries to look at how 'open' Indian states are with respect to international trade and then try to characterise the relationship between regional disparity and 'openness'. The major purpose of this work is to develop an openness index at the regional or state level. It is well...

This paper investigates gender inequality in vulnerable employment: forms of employment typically featuring high precariousness, inadequate earnings, and lack of decent working conditions. Using a large collection of harmonized household surveys from developing countries, we measure long-term...