Financial development has been considered an efficient and effective mechanism for the sustainable economic growth and development of emerging markets in past decades. However, various concerns have emerged in relation to the influences of financial sector development on income inequality. It is...

The impact of the expansion of the middle class in developing countries has been widely investigated in recent years. The middle class is generally apprehended by its overall demographic size, which, we believe, may hide crucial features and differences across nations because the composition of...

Income inequality in many middle-income countries has increased at an alarming level. While the time series relationship between income inequality and economic growth has been extensively investigated, the causal and dynamic link between them, particularly for the middle-income countries, has...