a child, mothers have a higher likelihood for engaging in informal jobs and less possibility of being promoted if they … work in the formal sector. Moreover, social norms towards gender roles lead mothers to devote more time to housework and …

the first child, we find that the arrival of the first child leads to a sharp and persistent 35% decline in mothers …

to examine the effects of having a young child on mothers' employment in urban India over 1983-2011. The analysis also … depresses mothers' employment, an inverse relationship that has intensified over time. Further, living in a household with older …