, education and childcare expenditure on estimates of income inequality and poverty for 24 European countries. The empirical … results show significant effects of public in-kind transfers on the level of income inequality and poverty for all countries …. Over the period 2006–2018, inequality and poverty estimates display rather different trends across European countries. …

This paper analyses major pension system regulation in four European countries: Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and the … affected the income position of high-income pensioners. However, also the structure of public pension benefits had a poverty …

Sweden and Germany, prototypical socialdemocratic and conservative welfare states, respectively, and compare them against the … the first half of the 2000s were nonetheless associated with sharply increased inequality and poverty. Overall, our … and poverty across countries raises doubts about whether policymakers and researchers rely too much on outdated …