Railways transportation is still taken as an account of economic growth without considering the cost of environmental damages. Therefore, it is an urgent need at the national and global level to take into account the sustainability of environment by key sector. So this analysis has contributed...

We find that the distribution of income matters to aggregate carbon dioxide emissions and hence global warming. Higher inequality, both between and within countries is associated with lower carbon emissions at given average incomes. We also confirm that economic growth generally comes with...