bonus is defined as the discounted value of the difference between a person's actual income and his or her counterfactual … real income stream forecast for a hypothetical continuation of economic life in a static GDR. The two main issues tackled … centralized to a market economy and the estimation of plausible counterfactual income streams. Our central result is that 19 …

) showed that higher income individuals are less generous than poorer individuals only if they reside in a U.S. state with … major finding before readily accepting it as evidence, we analyzed the effect of the interaction between income and …

From 2009 to 2011, the Thai government implemented an income guarantee program for rice, tapioca and maize farmers …