consequences of energy subsidy reforms. The framework is applied to the case of Indonesia to study the consequences in this country … of a gradual phase out of all energy consumption subsidies between 2012 and 2020. The energy subsidy estimates used as …

ability types take up more education.A subsidy to education will then favor these types. Wediscuss the condition for the net … education subsidy. We consider somemore elaborate schemes for education subsidies. …

subsidization program in Germany. We find that 38% of the aggregate subsidy accrues to the top two deciles of the population, but … inequality measures. This is due to two offsetting effects: a progressive one stemming from the subsidy schedule and a regressive …