What difference does it make if the state makes people vote? The question is central to normative debates about the rights and duties of citizens in a democracy, and to contemporary policy debates in a number of Latin American countries over what actions states should take to encourage electoral...

Samuels and Snyder (BJPS, 2001) presented the index of malapportionment (i.e., the discrepancy between seat shares and population shares by electoral districts) in national legislatures for seventy eight countries. This short research note uses their index and the Gini index, a commonly used...