differ by type of marriage and gender of the immigrant—and, consequently, affect how spouses supply labor to the market …. The finding for intermarried female households is reversed, and gender-based specialization increases, when controls for …—specialization differences, by type of marriage, are insignificant when the immigrant has post-college education. At lower levels of immigrant …

-native marriage. An explanation based on the operation of competitive marriage markets works for immigrant women, but not for … immigrant men. Traditionally, gender-based privileges may allow immigrant men to prevent native women from getting a price for …