a more liberal access to citizenship can improve the economic integration of immigrants. Our analysis relies on two …, we exploit discontinuities in the reforms' eligibility rules. Between 1991 and 1999, adolescents could obtain citizenship … performance. Based on the eligibility rules, we find few returns of citizenship for men, but substantial returns for women …

We investigate the origin and evolution of the legal institution of citizenship from a political economy perspective …. We compile a new data set on citizenship laws across countries of the world which documents how these institutions have …

of citizenship for men, but substantial returns for women. Returns are also larger for more recent immigrants, but … essentially zero for traditional guest workers. For immigrant women, access to citizenship accounts for 70% of the assimilation …

liberal access to citizenship improves the economic integration of immigrants. Our analysis relies on two major immigration … the reforms'eligibility rules. We find few returns of citizenship for men, but substantial returns for women. Returns are …, liberalization of citizenship provides some economic benefits but is unlikely to result in full integration of immigrants in the host …