I exploit a reform that required Italian municipalities to disclose their balance sheetsbefore elections to study … elections is 28.5% higher thanin the election year and this increase is mainly financed with new debt and sales of publicassets …. Taking advantage of the staggered timing of municipal elections, I estimate thatthe reform reduced this pre …

to national parliamentary elections. This effect is more pronounced for visible and labor-intensive projects and can be …

economies, previous political cycle models had overlooked the influence of elections on the behavior of exchange rates. Voter …

This paper investigates the impact of elections on the level and composition of fiscal instruments using a sample of 19 … find that elections shift public spending towards current and away from capital expenditures. Moreover, although we find no … evidence for an electoral cycle for government deficit and expenditures, we do find a negative effect of elections on revenue …

does not affect re-election prospects. We also find that voters punish politicians who create deficits during elections …. -- political budget cycles ; elections ; quality of public expenditure ; public investment …

the idiosyncratic timing of state and local elections, the budgetary changes before elections at two tiers of the … elections result in pre-election manipulation of the local finances of moderate size. Before both types of elections, we observe … a halt in the increase of local tax rates. By contrast, elections at the two tiers of the government affect the size of …