We advance the literature on political budget cycles by testing separately for cycles in expenditures for elections in … eligibility rules. We find sizable and significant effects in expenditures before council elections and before joint elections …

We advance the literature on political budget cycles by testing separately for cycles in expenditures for elections in … eligibility rules. We find sizable and significant effects in expenditures before council elections and before joint elections …

The opportunistic political cycle's theories argued that the incumbent raises the visible expenses in the election time …-buying action. The paper tests the argument by using Indonesia local election and grants spending data from 2008 to 2013. Through … treating the endogeneity of incumbency, the analysis results suggest that when the incumbent is participating in the election …