costs in a so-called base year. Such regulation is employed, among others, to govern electricity distribution operators in …. A connected set of price caps exists so that a hybrid regulation consisting of any element in this set and the cost …

an FDR market featuring either (i) both DSO and aggregators; or (ii) a monopoly aggregator also supplying generation to … the real-time market. The paper also characterizes a regulation that implements the efficient outcome. …

's implementation of incentive regulation in 2009 has a negative impact on total investment, and that firms increase their investments … with the German data. The results show that investments increase after incentive regulation, and that the institutional … specific heterogeneity. It should further include all institutional aspects of incentive regulation to design incentives that …

Unbundling of vertically integrated utilities has become an integral element in the regulation of network industries … and has been implemented in many jurisdictions. The idea of separating the network, as the natural monopoly, from … able to identify heterogeneous effects of legal unbundling for different types of price regulation, because we observe a …

) monopoly thesis. Recently, however, a trend towards deregulation of such industries has been observed. This trend started with …

requirements, (international) benchmarking is not an adequate tool for the regulation of transmission system operators (TSO … high. The paper discusses options to reduce the weight of benchmarking in TSO regulation and options that do not rely on …