Electricity transmission pricing and transmission grid expansion have received increasing regulatory and analytical attention in recent years. Since electricity transmission is a very special service with unusual characteristics, such as loop flows, the approaches have been largely tailor-made...

The Environmental Protection Agency issued a final rule that defines a broad and complicated set of standards for controlling carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from affected electricity generating units. (Environmental Protection Agency, 2015b) The proposed national average reduction by 2030 is 32%...

Coordinated electricity spot markets support open access to existing transmission grids. Associated financial transmission rights provide a key ingredient for long-term contracting and property rights for grid expansion. Design of a mixed system of merchant and regulated transmission investment...