The energy crisis engulfing Europe is a crisis of both gas and electricity markets, with huge cost impacts on consumers across all European countries. In Britain, half of typical household energy expenditure arises from electricity. This paper examines how the cost of gas-powered generation...

The post-pandemic surge in energy prices in Europe, exacerbated by the consequences of the Russia-Ukraine war, has intensified a critical debate over EU energy and climate policy: to what extent are variable renewable energy, namely wind power and solar PV, versus fossil fuels impacting...