the telecommunication network for the entire geographical region. This necessarily incur cost due to the electricity bill … involved. Hence, this creates a network effect externality defined by the imbalance between the client base and the amount of … resources needed to service this client base. In the telecommunication market, larger player uses the same network as small …

between those indicators and market performance in liberalised EU-15 network industries. We report a low level of regulatory …

; -monopoly (eg network) elements are separated from potentially competitive elements; -competition is actively introduced into … practice of regulation. New utility regulatory institutions have been discussed and introduced in many countries. In addition … networks) has demonstrated the need for new and more complex forms of regulation to support the utility reforms …

requirements, (international) benchmarking is not an adequate tool for the regulation of transmission system operators (TSO …). Errors in the outcomes of benchmarking will likely distort network investment and therefore the costs of doing it wrong are … high. The paper discusses options to reduce the weight of benchmarking in TSO regulation and options that do not rely on …

This paper presents an approach for resilience incentives in the regulation of electricity network operators … system. The resilience regulation proposed in this paper contains two complementary parts. First, a resilience incentive …