the telecommunication network for the entire geographical region. This necessarily incur cost due to the electricity bill … involved. Hence, this creates a network effect externality defined by the imbalance between the client base and the amount of … resources needed to service this client base. In the telecommunication market, larger player uses the same network as small …

between those indicators and market performance in liberalised EU-15 network industries. We report a low level of regulatory …

; -monopoly (eg network) elements are separated from potentially competitive elements; -competition is actively introduced into … practice of regulation. New utility regulatory institutions have been discussed and introduced in many countries. In addition … networks) has demonstrated the need for new and more complex forms of regulation to support the utility reforms …