Aim: In the context of climate change this paper explores the value of models for evaluating energy costs by considering energy accounting and externalities instead of capitalistic economics. Research methods: We test the hypothesis that the conventional economic model of the energy market can...

Buildings require a substantive amount of energy for their operation. Recent studies have found that indirect requirements, such as the embodied energy associated with their construction and the transport-related energy of their users can be even more significant. A complete life cycle energy...

China has surpassed the United States to be the world's largest energy consumer, but a lot of energy was used to produce products for exporting to other countries. Presently, China faces a great challenge in energy security and environmental protection. This paper focuses on the energy embodied...

The exploitation of solar energy by autonomous, photovoltaic (PV) based systems offers the opportunity for satisfying the electrification needs of numerous remote consumers worldwide in an environmentally friendly way. On the other hand, the sustainable character of these systems is strongly...