Donors supporting countries affected by fragility conflict and violence face a difficult trade-off. Should they deliver urgently needed water supply infrastructure through non-state actors or build the country institutions that deliver water supply? This report confirms that the current response...

Access to drinking water infrastructure in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has increased over the last 30 years, but much of that infrastructure functions intermittently, provides water of poor quality, or fails prematurely. Financing for the recurrent costs of delivering truly safe and...

Do all investor types contribute equally to volatility formation? Although stock volatility should ideally originate only from fundamental innovations, it is embedded into prices through the trading process. We compare the relative contributions of trading by local institutions, local...