The present text aims to analyze the New Development Bank (NDB) established by BRICS as part of the group’s financial architecture, focusing on the main motivations for its creation, ways of acting and governance structure. Although focused on providing credit for infrastructure and...

In this article, I review the World Bank's response to the global financial crisis that began in the fall of 2008. I show that the World Bank significantly increased lending after the crisis began. The majority of this new lending went to middle-income countries rather than to the poorest...

Renewable energy can play a vital role in sustainable energy future and to address the climate change. Investment in renewable energy in the upper middle-income countries (UMIC), a major contributor to global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, can be an important part of recovery from climate...