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This paper studies the impact of research and development (R&D) and innovation on employment growth, focusing on small and medium-sized firms. Employment effects of R&D and innovation are unclear a priori as process innovation may be labor-saving or labor might have complementarities with other...
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This paper analyzes the global value chains (GVC) of the coffee industry, particularly in the emerging economies of Vietnam, Colombia, and Brazil, which are the largest producers and exporters of unprocessed coffee in the world. However, value added or processed coffee exports are equally...
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We document dramatic rising wages in China for the period 1978-2007 based on multiple sources of aggregate statistics …-intensive and labor-intensive industries have widened. Comparisons of international data show that China's manufacturing wage has … already converged to that of Asian emerging markets, but China still enjoys enormous labor cost advantages over its …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003976837
We document dramatic rising wages in China for the period 1978-2007 based on multiple sources of aggregate statistics …-intensive and labor-intensive industries have widened. Comparisons of international data show that China's manufacturing wage has … already converged to that of Asian emerging markets, but China still enjoys enormous labor cost advantages over its …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013141714
This paper studies the impact of business modernization on the sales performance of traditional retailers. We define modernization as adopting tangible structures and business practices of organized retail chains (for example, exterior signage with store name and logo, or a database to record...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012824025