The electricity generation mix of many European countries is strongly dominated by fossil fuelled power plants. Given that CO2-emissions are responsible for a major part of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect, emission trading has been introduced in the EU in 2005. Under the European emissions...

Carbon offsets allow consumers to mitigate their guilt associated with their electricity emissions. On the one hand, when offsets are purchased in an industry unrelated to electricity, offsets are complements to consumption and the introduction of an offset market causes consumption of...