-based environmental policy: the SO2 cap-and-trade system. That system performed well but created four striking ironies. First, by creating …-based, cost-effective policy innovation was initially championed and implemented by Republican administrations. Fourth, court …

solutions in the definition of the optimal policy mix. …

; hence, future climate policy has to put a special emphasis on reducing big cities' energy consumption, especially in a world … for other cities as well as an additional building-stone in a bottom-up global climate policy regime. By applying up …, while there is still room for improvements, Tokyo has the potential to be a world leader in sustainable local climate policy. …

In the absence of an international agreement on climate policy, unilateral carbon abatement creates two problems: It … (BTA) and integrated emission trading (IET). The former policy levies a quantity-based, the latter an emission based duty … emissions. A computational general equilibrium analysis of the unilateral abatement policy adopted by the European Union …

Ambitious unilateral EU environmental policy has raised concerns about adverse competitiveness implications for … policy on energy-intensive and export-oriented industries. The regulatory protection of these industries via subsidies for EU … tax adjustments in unilateral climate policy. …