Emissions trading continues to expand as a flexible policy response to climate change. Its implementation raises complex governance challenges, however, and calls for robust institutional, regulatory and procedural frameworks. Unlike aspects of technical design and implementation, the governance...

This document provides an overview and summary assessment of lessons and insights learned from various existing and presented domestic cap and trade schemes. For each scheme, a set of general characteristics (or issues) is considered. The characteristics (or issues) covered include the...

In support of the partnership for market readiness work on helping the emergence of credible, consistent, and compatible market-based infrastructure across countries, this report reviews the lessons learned from linking greenhouse gas emissions trading systems. Two emissions trading systems...

This report provides a survey of the key features associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems that support the pilot emissions trading schemes (ETS) in China. The seven pilots are: Beijing, Chongqing, Guangdong, Hubei, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and...

The Paris Agreement, with its universal requirement on all countries to submit nationally determined contributions (NDCs), marks a significant change for the framework of international cooperation through carbon markets. With all countries committing themselves to climate action to reduce...

Carbon pricing can reduce emissions cost-effectively, and it can also generate a number of other benefits. This guide provides an overview of these benefits to help policy makers advance a variety of sustainable development objectives in their own countries and around the world. Carbon prices...

The World Bank's partnership for market readiness (PMR), through grant support and technical assistance, supported 23 emerging economies and developing countries in building their institutional and human capacities to design, institute, and implement carbon pricing instruments, such as emission...

Putting a price on carbon can be an indispensable part of a country's strategy to reduce emissions in an efficient way. Furthermore, putting a price on carbon through international carbon markets can also offer significant cost benefits and enable flexibility in achieving emission reduction...

Emissions trading continues to expand as a flexible policy response to climate change. Its implementation raises complex governance challenges, however, and calls for robust institutional, regulatory and procedural frameworks. Unlike aspects of technical design and implementation, the governance...

The issues around the environmental integrity of international market mechanisms have gained a great deal of attention in the wake of the Paris Agreement. In addition, with the agreement on market-based measures for international aviation being reached, these issues are likely to gain even more...