many supervisors tend to assess the employees too good (leniency bias) and that the appraisals hardly vary across employees … of a certain supervisor (centrality bias). We explain these two biases in a model with a supervisor, who has preferences … costs and inequality aversion …

costs and inequality aversion. -- Appraisals ; inequality aversion ; performance evaluation ; centrality bias ; leniency … many supervisors tend to assess the employees too good (leniency bias) and that the appraisals hardly vary across employees … of a certain supervisor (centrality bias). We explain these two biases in a model with a supervisor, who has preferences …

subjective evaluation. This paper develops and tests a simple model of what I call "outlier aversion bias" in which subjective … evaluators avoid submitting outlying judgments. We find significant evidence for the existence of outlier aversion. Individual … for outlier aversion. Agreement may not be a good criterion for the validity of an evaluation system, contradicting the …