levels - do not significantly affect native employment in the short term and boost employment in the long term. …

regional level (see Fritsch, 2008, for a survey) which suggests that competition among incumbent firms is caused by (lagged …) start-up rates. Contrary to earlier research the present paper employs a direct measure of the level of competition between … model at the region-sector level for the Netherlands, where regional economic development (employment growth) is explained …

expansion of employment. The paper contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it attempts to provide a comprehensive …

employment, wages, and productivity. Evidence generally shows these forces to be offsetting, usually resulting in small … employment and earnings effects and sometimes in large, positive effects on productivity and scale. Foreign ownership usually has …