We develop a knowledge-based endogenous growth model to address the issue of directed technological change, in which skilled workers are used both in innovation and consumer goods production. Using the model, we investigate how the direction of technological change influences scale effect and...

We introduce public data into a semi-endogenous growth model with R&D to highlight the role of public data in raising productive efficiency. We study two settings. In the benchmark setting, we assume that the public data is provided free of charge to private firms. In the extended model, we...