Energy intensity in the OECD manufacturing sector has been falling since the oil crises in the 1970s. Studies in energy intensity identified that spatial considerations are important, and there exists a great deal of heterogeneity in energy intensities amongst countries and sectors. This paper...

Energy efficiency is essential for reducing energy consumption, increasing energy security, and reducing CO2 emissions. This paper uses stochastic frontier analysis applied to a large panel data set of 81 OECD and non-OECD countries covering the years 1980 to 2013 to estimate energy efficiency....