Das Nord-Stream-2-Projekt soll in zusätzlichen Pipelines mehr Energie aus Russland direkt nach Deutschland transportieren, und zwar ohne den Transit durch Polen und durch die Ukraine. Den USA ist dieses Projekt ein Dorn im Auge, und die US-Regierung hat sogar über Sanktionen für europäische...

In 2022, the European Union (EU) has managed to safeguard security of energy supply during a perfect storm. As we leave the peak of the crisis behind us, the EU now needs to deal with its longer-term industrial repercussions. The price of energy will likely stay above historic levels and above...

Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine, wholesale prices for electricity and gas in the European Union have risen five to fifteen-fold, with severe impacts for households and businesses. The crisis is also creating liquidity problems for energy companies, with contagion risks for the financial...

The energy crisis that started in 2022 reminded European governments of the resilience provided by relatively well-integrated European electricity markets. European Union leaders thus decided to reverse a creeping energy renationalisation and to invest in completing the internal market. However,...