This paper compares electricity market reforms in the European Union with reforms in Chile and Brazil. The paradigm of competitive market structures for the electricity sector, as developed in the economics literature, is outlined: competitive markets in generation and retailing and an...

The modelling of energy systems, which coevolved from socio-technological interactions and their interplay with the economy, plays a key role in the development of national and international policies to solve the problem of energy poverty. The other important issues addressed by energy system...